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What is varicella (chickenpox)?

Varicella, commonly known as chickenpox, is a highly contagious viral infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), according to the CDC. They note that it is characterized by an itchy, blister-like rash, fever, fatigue, and other flu-like symptoms. The rash typically progresses from red spots to fluid-filled blisters that eventually crust over. Chickenpox is primarily spread through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes, as well as through direct contact with the fluid from the blisters.

While chickenpox is often considered a mild illness in children, it can lead to serious complications, particularly in newborns, pregnant women, and individuals with weakened immune systems. Vaccination has significantly reduced the incidence of varicella, making it less common in many parts of the world. The varicella vaccine is effective in preventing the disease and its associated complications, promoting overall public health.

How effective is the chicken pox vaccine?

The chickenpox (varicella) vaccine is highly effective at preventing illness and reducing the severity of symptoms in those who do become infected. According to the CDC, one dose of the vaccine is about 82% effective at preventing any form of chickenpox, while two doses are approximately 98% effective.

For most people who receive both recommended doses, the vaccine provides long-lasting immunity. Even in the rare case of a breakthrough infection, vaccinated individuals tend to experience milder symptoms, fewer blisters, and faster recovery compared to those who are unvaccinated.

Since the introduction of the vaccine in the mid-1990s, chickenpox cases in the United States have dropped by over 90%, showing the vaccine’s broad public health impact. Vaccination also helps prevent serious complications such as pneumonia, bacterial skin infections, and hospitalization—especially in high-risk groups like infants, pregnant individuals, and those with weakened immune systems.

What is the recommended dose for the chickenpox vaccine?

The CDC recommends that the varicella (chickenpox) vaccine be administered in two doses for optimal protection against the virus. The first dose should be given between 12 and 15 months of age, while the second dose is recommended between 4 and 6 years of age, ideally at least three months after the first dose.

This two-dose schedule has been shown to significantly increase immunity and reduce the risk of developing chickenpox and its associated complications. For individuals who have not been vaccinated or do not have a history of chickenpox, the CDC advises vaccination at any age, with a single dose for adolescents and adults, and a second dose for those at higher risk or in specific settings.